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Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is a type of filarial worm, a small thread-like worm, and which causes dirofilariasis. It is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. Four genera of mosquitoes transmit dirofilariasis, Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia. [2]
From Latin dīrus 'fearful; ominous' + fīlum 'thread', Dirofilaria is a genus of nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea.The first known description of Dirofilaria may have been by Italian nobleman Francesco Birago in 1626 in his Treatise on Hunting: “The dog generates two worms, which are half an arm’s length long and thicker than a finger and red like fire.”
White-tailed deer are the normal host of the P. tenuis parasite and are immunologically adapted to its presence. Deer and P. tenuis have coadapted in an evolutionary arms race over time. Deer remain largely unaffected by the presence of P. tenuis because of the immunity they have built as a result of coadaptation.
The normal definitive hosts for E. schneideri are the mule deer and black-tailed deer. It has also been found in several other wild mammalian hosts: white-tailed deer, elk, moose, bighorn sheep, Barbary sheep, domestic sheep. Infestation was also found in sika deer on Texas ranches. Infestations of cattle, horses or humans have not been reported.
Deer, human: Bull's-eye pattern skin rash around bite, fever, chills, fatigue, body aches, headache, joint pain. Sometimes neurological problems. [1] Europe, North Africa, and North America: Prevention and antibiotics Malaria: Mosquito: Plasmodium (protist) Human: Headache then heavy fever (Sub) tropics: Prevention and anti-malaria Plague: Flea ...
Animals such as squirrels, dogs and deer are at risk for getting bitten. The Asian tiger mosquito originates from Southeast Asia. ... and Dengue fever to humans as well as heartworm to pets ...
When infected deer congregate at an artificial feeding site, they could easily infect other deer that visit the same site. “It’ll facilitate more rapid transmission of disease,” says Fuda. 4.
Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm in dogs and cats, occasionally humans) Dirofilaria repens (parasite of dogs, and sometimes humans) Dirofilaria tenuis (parasite of raccoons, and rarely humans) Dirofilaria ursi (parasite of bears, and sometimes humans) Elaeophora. Elaeophora abramovi (parasite of moose in Russia)