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Workplace violence does not currently have a universal definition. The International Labor Organization (ILO) conducted a study of 80 different countries. In 40 of those countries the words used for work related violence, include both physical and psychological. In 4 of those countries work related violence only includes physical conduct.
Common examples of workplace aggression include gossiping, bullying, intimidation, sabotage, sexual harassment, and physical violence. [5] These behaviors can have serious consequences, including reduced productivity, increased stress, and decreased morale. Workplace aggression can be classified as either active or passive.
The transportation sector bears many risks for the health of commercial drivers, for example from vibration, long periods of sitting, work stress and exhaustion. These problems occur in Europe but in other parts of the world the situation is even worse. More drivers die in accidents due to security defects in vehicles.
In terms of gender, the Workplace Bullying Institute (2007) [26] states that women appear to be at greater risk of becoming a bullying target, as 57% of those who reported being targeted for abuse were women. Men are more likely to participate in aggressive bullying behaviour (60%), however when the bully is a woman her target is more likely to ...
Short term risks may include physical injury (e.g., eye, back, head, etc.), while long-term risks may be an increased risk of developing occupational disease, such as cancer or heart disease. In general, adverse health effects caused by short term risks are reversible while those caused by long term risks are irreversible.
Provocation has been said to be the most important cause of human aggression –examples include verbal and physical aggression against the individual. [3] It was found that perceived injustice, in the context of equality amongst staff for example, positively correlated to workplace aggression. [32] Expressions of Hostility [32]
Workplace harassment is belittling or threatening behavior directed at an individual worker or a group of workers. [1] Workplace harassment has gained interest among practitioners and researchers as it is becoming one of the most sensitive areas of effective workplace management.
Workers new to the job are at a much higher risk of injury than more experienced staff, while shift workers and part-time staff also have a greater risk of being injured at work. [ 39 ] The research shows that the amount of time employees worked was strongly linked to muscle and joint issues in the neck, lower back, left elbow, and right wrist.