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A vessel flute with two fingering holes of the same size can sound three notes (both closed, one open, both open). A vessel flute with two fingering holes of different sizes can sound four notes (both closed, only the smaller hole open, only the bigger hole open, both open). The number of notes increases with the number of holes:
A third method uses a pictorial tablature similar to the ocarina's finger hole pattern, with blackened holes that represent holes to cover. The tablature represents the holes on the top of the ocarina, and, where necessary, the holes on the underside. This enables easy playing, particularly for beginners. The two most popular tablature systems are:
fingering chart. 16th-century illustrations show an instrument which had only a few tone holes, and a very limited range. The intact clay gemshorn, mentioned above, which was found beneath a 15th-century house, had a chromatic range of one octave. Modern makers have often chosen to build them using the Baroque recorder fingering.
With most flutes, the musician blows directly across the edge of the mouthpiece, with 1/4 of their bottom lip covering the embouchure hole. However, some flutes, such as the whistle, gemshorn, flageolet, recorder, tin whistle, tonette, fujara, and ocarina have a duct that directs the air onto the edge (an arrangement that is termed a "fipple").
If the space between the hands is made smaller or the opening made larger, the pitch becomes higher: the principles are the same with an ocarina or Helmholtz resonator; see vessel flute for details of the acoustics. The best hand flute players have a range of up to 2.5 octaves. [2]
It often contains fingering charts, scales, exercises, and occasionally etudes. These exercises are often presented in different keys in ascending order to aid in difficulty, known as methodical progression, or to focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm , dynamics , and articulation .
Chord diagrams for some common chords in major-thirds tuning. In music, a chord diagram (also called a fretboard diagram or fingering diagram) is a diagram indicating the fingering of a chord on fretted string instruments, showing a schematic view of the fretboard with markings for the frets that should be pressed when playing the chord. [1]
Giuseppe Donati (2 December 1836 – 14 February 1925) was an Italian musical instrument maker who invented the ocarina, a ceramic wind instrument based on the principle of a Helmholtz resonator. [1] Donati was born in Budrio. [2]