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The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.. These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.
1960 – John Kendrew described the structure of myoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in muscle. 1960 – Four separate researchers (S. Weiss, J. Hurwitz, Audrey Stevens Niyogi and J. Bonner) discovered bacterial RNA polymerase, which polymerizes nucleotides under the direction of DNA. 1960 – Robert Woodward synthesized chlorophyll.
1960: Jacob and collaborators discover the operon, a group of genes whose expression is coordinated by an operator. [39] [40] 1961: Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner discovered frame shift mutations. In the experiment, proflavin-induced mutations of the T4 bacteriophage gene (rIIB) were isolated.
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By the 1980s, biotechnology characterized a nascent real industry, providing titles for emerging trade organizations such as the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO). The main focus of attention after insulin were the potential profit makers in the pharmaceutical industry: human growth hormone and what promised to be a miraculous cure for ...
1960 – Invention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; 1960 – First combined oral contraceptive approved by the FDA [102] 1962 – Hip replacement – John Charnley; 1962 – Beta blocker James W. Black; 1962 – Albert Sabin develops first oral polio vaccine; 1963 – Artificial heart – Paul Winchell
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Technology timelines by year (10 P) * Biotechnology by year (63 C) Cameras by year of introduction ... 1960 in technology (3 C) 1961 in technology ...