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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis from the disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis. [5] It is characterized by long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine, typically where the spine joins the pelvis. [2] With AS, eye and bowel problems—as well as back pain—may occur. [2]
Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae. It is a form of spondylopathy . In many cases, spondylitis involves one or more vertebral joints , as well, which itself is called spondylarthritis .
In all subtypes of spondyloarthritis, inflammatory back pain and/or asymmetrical arthritis, mainly affecting the lower limbs, are the most common symptoms. [9] Another distinguishing characteristic is enthesitis, which is inflammation at the locations where ligaments, tendons, or joint capsules adhere to bone.
In cervical spondylosis, a patient may be presented with dull neck pain with neck stiffness in the initial stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, symptoms related to radiculopathy (due to compression of exiting spinal nerve by narrowed intervertebral foramen) or myelopathy (due to compression on the spinal cord) can occur. [2]
Axial spondyloarthritis can be differentiated from peripheral spondyloarthritis in terms of the areas of the body affected. The axial form of the disease primarily affects the spine, pelvis and thoracic cage, whereas the peripheral form mainly targets the arms and legs. [10] Axial spondyloarthritis can be divided into two classes:
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis in which there is long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine. [2] Other forms of arthritis may sometimes also lead to ankylosis, including rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis; Osteoarthritis usually confers osteophyte formation, which may eventually fuse across joints. Osteoarthritis ...
Eye involvement typically occurs early in the course of reactive arthritis, and symptoms may come and go. Dactylitis , or "sausage digit", a diffuse swelling of a solitary finger or toe, is a distinctive feature of reactive arthritis and other peripheral spondylarthritides but can also be seen in polyarticular gout and sarcoidosis .
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