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Environmental impact of mining can occur at local, regional, and global scales through direct and indirect mining practices. Mining can cause erosion , sinkholes , loss of biodiversity , or the contamination of soil , groundwater , and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an integral component of planning, development, and management of various industrial activities. It is widely implemented in many national jurisdictions and industrial developments. [1] However, the application of EIA and related environmental management frameworks remains underdeveloped for deep-sea mining.
The major effects of industrial air pollution on wildlife include direct mortality, weakening industrial-related injury and disease, and physiological and psychological stress. [15] Gas and particulate emissions from historical smelting operations have been a source of concern for human health and environmental impacts at some sites.
Strip mining eliminates existing vegetation, destroys the genetic soil profile, displaces or destroys wildlife and habitat, alters current land uses, and to some extent permanently changes the general topography of the area mined. [9] Adverse impacts on geological features of human interest may occur in a coal strip mine.
Oil shale mining reduces the original ecosystem diversity with habitats supporting a variety of plants and animals. After mining the land has to be reclaimed, process takes time and cannot necessarily re-establish the original biodiversity. [3] [4] The impact of sub-surface mining on the surroundings will be less than for open pit mines ...
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. It established permitting guidelines for existing and future coal mines as well as a trust fund to finance the reclamation of abandoned mines .
Last year, the World Bank approved a $73 million grant to help the Congolese government study the dam’s environmental and social impact. The dam, known as Inga III, would produce an enormous amount of energy in a country where there is almost none. But environmental experts say mining companies and aluminum smelters would be the main ...
The impact of distributing such mineral commodities has a major effect on the economy internationally, often contributing to employment and generating income. [8] The global demand of Mineral Economics has the potential to cause both positive and negative outcomes on society and the environment.