Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling. [1] In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely. [1] About one quarter of fish species shoal all their lives, and about one half shoal for part of ...
Shoaling and schooling behavior of common minnows occur early in their development, as soon as they become capable of swimming. Shoaling behavior then increases and becomes dominant by three to four weeks after its emergence. [5] This behavior generally benefits individual minnows by improving predator avoidance and foraging.
The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called blooms, although these organisms are algae and are not self-propelled the way animals are.
Shoaling can also refract waves, so the waves change direction. For example, if waves pass over a sloping bank which is shallower at one end than the other, then the shoaling effect will result in the waves slowing more at the shallow end. Thus, the wave fronts will refract, changing direction like light passing through a prism.
See shoaling. Agricultural runoff – surplus water from agricultural land, often draining into rivers and then into the sea, and often enriched with nutrients, sediment, and agricultural chemicals. Alginate production – a gel substance extracted from brown algae and used industrially as a thickening agent for food and paint.
Predators have devised various countermeasures to disrupt the defensive shoaling and schooling manoeuvres of forage fish. Often this involves charging the school or bait ball at high speed. Some whales lunge feed on bait balls. [9]
While schools are given an average yearly budget of 11 billion to school food programs and prisons are given a mere 205 million annual budget, still only less than one third of school food ...
Schooling may also refer to: Education or teaching; Shoaling and schooling of fish; Schooling (surname), a surname and people by that name;