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Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across small circuits. When connected in parallel with a variable voltage source so that it is reverse biased, a Zener diode conducts when the voltage reaches the diode's reverse breakdown voltage.
The simplest TL431 regulator circuit is made by shorting the control input to the cathode. The resulting two-terminal network has a zener-like current–voltage characteristic, with a stable threshold voltage V REF ≈2.5 V, and low-frequency impedance of around 0.2 Ω. [24]
Despite their name, linear regulators are non-linear circuits because they contain non-linear components (such as Zener diodes, as shown below in the simple shunt regulator) and because the output voltage is ideally constant (and a circuit with a constant output that does not depend on its input is a non-linear circuit).
A Zener diode contains a heavily doped p–n junction allowing electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the p-type material to the conduction band of the n-type material, such that the reverse voltage is "clamped" to a known value (called the Zener voltage), and avalanche does not occur. Both devices, however, do have a limit to the maximum ...
The following is a list of LM-series integrated circuits. ... Adjustable precision Zener shunt regulator (2.5 V-36 V) [59] Voltage regulators. Part number
In the following example crowbar circuit, the LM431 adjustable zener regulator controls the gate of the TRIAC. The resistor divider of R 1 and R 2 provide the reference voltage for the LM431. The divider is set so that during normal operating conditions, the voltage across R 2 is slightly lower than V REF of the LM431. Since this voltage is ...
An integrated circuit voltage regulator. A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. It may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC ...
A Zener diode, when reverse biased (as shown in the circuit) has a constant voltage drop across it irrespective of the current flowing through it. Thus, as long as the Zener current (I Z) is above a certain level (called holding current), the voltage across the Zener diode (V Z) will be constant.