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The fish are mostly found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, although the species Cyclothone microdon may be found in Arctic waters. They have elongated bodies from 2 to 30 cm (0.79 to 11.81 in) in length. [2] They have a number of green or red light-producing photophores aligned along the undersides of their heads or bodies. [1]
Some species burrow in the substrate during the day or for certain months and have been found buried in soil in drying periods. [4] These fish have an eel-like body. The largest species can reach a maximum length of 1 m (3.3 ft). [3] Very characteristic of this group is the long nose appendage with two tubulated nostrils. [3]
The larger species include the Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, which can reach 5 m (16 ft) in length and 820 kg (1,810 lb) in weight [4] and the black marlin, Istiompax indica, which can reach in excess of 5 m (16 ft) in length and 670 kg (1,480 lb) in weight.
The smallest species of this order is the bristlemouth Cyclothone pygmaea. Native to the Mediterranean Sea , it reaches just 1.5 cm (0.6 in) as an adult. The largest species is the barbeled dragonfish Opostomias micripnus , widely found in the Atlantic , Indian and Pacific Oceans and measuring about 50 cm (20 in) in adult length.
The freshwater drum is also called Russell fish, shepherd's pie, gray bass, [7] Gasper goo, Gaspergou, [8] gou, [8] grunt, grunter, [7] grinder, gooble gobble, and croaker. It is commonly known as sheephead and sunfish in parts of Canada, [ 9 ] and the United States.
Species lengths vary from the 20 cm (7.9 in) of the island mackerel to the 4.58 m (15.0 ft) recorded for the immense Atlantic bluefin tuna. Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and are found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. They are capable of considerable speed, due to a highly streamlined body and retractable fins.
The eyes of Winteria telescopa differ slightly from those of other opisthoproctids by their more forward-pointing gaze.. Barreleyes, also known as spook fish (a name also applied to several species of chimaera), are small deep-sea argentiniform fish comprising the family Opisthoproctidae found in tropical-to-temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
Chimaeras live in temperate ocean floors, with some species inhabiting depths exceeding 2,000 m (6,600 ft), [8] with relatively few modern species regularly inhabiting shallow water. Exceptions include the members of the genus Callorhinchus , the rabbit fish and the spotted ratfish , which locally or periodically can be found at shallower depths.