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The typical half-life of intravenous hydromorphone is 2.3 hours. [48] Peak plasma levels usually occur between 30 and 60 minutes after oral dosing. [49] The onset of action for hydromorphone administered intravenously is less than 5 minutes and within 30 minutes of oral administration (immediate release). [39]
Oxymorphone (sold under the brand names Numorphan and Opana among others) is a highly potent opioid analgesic indicated for treatment of severe pain. Pain relief after injection begins after about 5–10 minutes, after oral administration it begins after about 30 minutes, and lasts about 3–4 hours for immediate-release tablets and 12 hours for extended-release tablets. [6]
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
The UpToDate system is an evidence-based clinical resource. It includes a collection of medical and patient information, access to Lexicomp drug monographs and drug-to-drug interactions, and a number of medical calculators. UpToDate is written by over 7,100 physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers. It is available both via the Internet ...
Sufentanil offers properties of sedation and can be used as analgesic component of anesthetic regimen during an operation. [9]Because of its extremely high potency, it is often used in surgery and post-operative pain management for patients that are heavily opioid dependent/opioid tolerant because of long term opiate use for chronic pain or illicit opiate use.
For constant pain, the relieving effect of extended-release morphine given once (for Kadian [9]) or twice (for MS Contin [9]) every 24 hours is roughly the same as multiple administrations of immediate release (or "regular") morphine. [10]
Dihydromorphine acts as an agonist at the μ-opioid with a K i value of 2.5 nM compared to 4.9 nM of morphine, δ-opioid with a K i value of 137 nM compared to 273 nM of morphine and κ-opioid with a K i value of 223 nM compared to 227 nM of morphine.
Nalbuphine, sold under the brand names Nubain among others, is an opioid analgesic which is used in the treatment of pain. [4] [8] [6] It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or fat.