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Bokashi (Japanese: ぼかし) is a technique used in Japanese woodblock printmaking. It achieves a variation in lightness and darkness ( value ) of a single color or multiple colors by hand applying a gradation of ink to a moistened wooden printing block, rather than inking the block uniformly.
The Great Wave off Kanagawa (神奈川沖浪裏, Kanagawa-oki nami-ura) print by Hokusai Metropolitan Museum of Art. Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e [1] artistic genre of single sheets, but it was also used for printing books in the same period.
Kuchi-e (口絵); frontispieces of books, especially woodblock printed frontispieces for Japanese romance novels and literary magazines published from the 1890s to the 1910s; Mameban (豆判); a print size about 4.75 by 3.2 inches (12.1 cm × 8.1 cm), sometimes called a "toy print"
Lyon, Mike (2013), Ryusai Shigeharu, Lyon Collection of Japanese Woodblock Prints; Newland, Amy Reigle (2005). The Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, vol. 2. Amsterdam: Hotei. ISBN 9074822657. Oxford Reference (2014), Kunihiro, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-992301-4
It proved to be particularly effective in expressing depth and distance, and its popularity may have been a major factor in establishing pure landscape as a new genre of ukiyo-e print. [ 4 ] Early adopters included Hokusai in his Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (1830), most notably in The Great Wave off Kanagawa and Kajikazawa in Kai Province .
Ukiyo-e is the best-known type of Japanese woodblock art print. Most European uses of the technique for printing images on paper are covered by the art term woodcut, except for the block books produced mainly in the 15th century.
A common cause of holes in Japanese woodblock prints is the deathwatch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum). These beetles were commonly found in wood used to build furniture in the Edo period. Woodblock prints that were stored on bookshelves, or other furniture infested with these beetles, also became infested themselves. [5]
Sumizuri-e Print by Nishikawa Sukenobu. Sumizuri-e is a type of monochromatic woodblock printing that uses only black ink. It is one of the earliest forms of Japanese woodblock printing, dating back to the Nara period (710 – 794). Sumi-e translates to “ink wash painting,” which is a type of East Asian brush painting technique that uses ...