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The material conditional (also known as material implication) is an operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol → {\displaystyle \rightarrow } is interpreted as material implication, a formula P → Q {\displaystyle P\rightarrow Q} is true unless P {\displaystyle P} is true and Q {\displaystyle Q} is false.
In propositional logic, material implication [1] [2] is a valid rule of replacement that allows a conditional statement to be replaced by a disjunction in which the antecedent is negated. The rule states that P implies Q is logically equivalent to not- P {\displaystyle P} or Q {\displaystyle Q} and that either form can replace the other in ...
material conditional (material implication) implies, if P then Q, it is not the case that P and not Q propositional logic, Boolean algebra, Heyting algebra: is false when A is true and B is false but true otherwise.
The corresponding logical symbols are "", "", [6] and , [10] and sometimes "iff".These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic (particularly those on first-order logic, rather than propositional logic) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas ...
The exclusive or is also equivalent to the negation of a logical biconditional, by the rules of material implication (a material conditional is equivalent to the disjunction of the negation of its antecedent and its consequence) and material equivalence. In summary, we have, in mathematical and in engineering notation:
In logic, a strict conditional (symbol: , or ⥽) is a conditional governed by a modal operator, that is, a logical connective of modal logic. It is logically equivalent to the material conditional of classical logic , combined with the necessity operator from modal logic .