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On February 12, 1961, the Soviet spacecraft Venera 1 was the first flyby probe launched to another planet. However communications with the probe failed before it could complete its mission. [30] Venera 3, which also lost contact, marked the first time a man-made object made contact with another planet after it impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. [31]
Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [7] [8] April 26 UK: Ariel 1: Thor-Delta: Earth Success: First British satellite in space (on American rocket) July 10 US: Telstar 1: Thor ...
first probe to cross the asteroid belt; first Jupiter probe; first man-made object on an interstellar trajectory; now in the outer regions of the Solar System but no longer contactable 1972-012A: Pioneer 11: NASA: 4 December 1974 flyby success went on to visit Saturn 1973-019A: Voyager 1: NASA: 5 March 1979 flyby success went on to visit Saturn ...
First probe to map the Moon. USA Lunar Orbiter 1 [20] 26 January 1967 First sounding rocket launch from Antarctica, a Dragon rocket from the Dumont-d'Urville Antarctic Base. France Dragon [21] 8 May 1967 First polar orbit around the Moon. USA Lunar Orbiter 4 [22] July 1967 First photos of the Lunar south pole. USA Lunar Orbiter 4 [22] 30 ...
The first successful flyby of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. [22] On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars. [23] The amount of data returned by probes increased substantially as technology improved. [21]
It was the first human-made object to reach outer space, attaining an apogee of 176 kilometers, [22] which is well above the Kármán line. [23] It was a vertical test launch. Although the rocket reached space, it did not reach orbital velocity, and therefore returned to Earth in an impact, becoming the first sub-orbital spaceflight. [24]
The Galileo Probe had COSPAR ID 1989-084E while the orbiter had id 1989-084B. [70] Names for the spacecraft include Galileo Probe or Jupiter Entry Probe abbreviated JEP. [71] The related COSPAR IDs of the Galileo mission were: [72] 1989-084A STS 34; 1989-084B Galileo; 1989-084C IUS (Orbus 21) 1989-084D IUS (Orbus 6E) 1989-084E Galileo Probe
[6] [7] [8] Voyager 1 studied the weather, magnetic fields, and rings of the two gas giants and was the first probe to provide detailed images of their moons. As part of the Voyager program and like its sister craft Voyager 2 , the spacecraft's extended mission is to locate and study the regions and boundaries of the outer heliosphere and to ...