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HIV can be especially harmful to infants and children, with one study in Africa showing that 52% of untreated children born with HIV had died by age 2. [60] By five years old, the risk of disease and death from HIV starts to approach that of young adults.
Although most cases of HIV/AIDS were discovered in gay men, on January 7, 1983, the CDC reported cases of AIDS in female sexual partners of males with AIDS. [42] In 1984, scientists identified the virus that causes AIDS, which was first named after the T-cells affected by the strain and is now called HIV or human immunodeficiency virus. [43]
Following infection with HIV-1, the rate of clinical disease progression varies between individuals.Factors such as host susceptibility, genetics and immune function, [1] health care and co-infections [2] as well as viral genetic variability [3] may affect the rate of progression to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.
Three misconceptions are that AIDS can spread through casual contact, that sexual intercourse with a virgin will cure AIDS, [302] [303] [304] and that HIV can infect only gay men and drug users. [ 305 ] [ 306 ] In 2014, some among the British public wrongly thought one could get HIV from kissing (16%), sharing a glass (5%), spitting (16%), a ...
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3]
Programs to prevent the transmission of HIV from mothers to children can reduce rates of transmission by 92–99%. [47] [57] This primarily involves the use of a combination of antivirals during pregnancy and after birth in the infant but also potentially include bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding.
The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blood correlates with disease progression, that a plausible mechanism for HIV's action has been proposed, and that anti-HIV medication decreases ...
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