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Jugaad (Hindustani: जुगाड़ jugaaḍ / جگاڑ jugaaṛ ()) is a concept of non-conventional, frugal innovation in the Indian subcontinent. [1] It also includes innovative fixes or simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way.
It also does not include not a new idea, indigenous alternatives, low-cost alternatives, technologies or discoveries developed elsewhere and later invented separately in India, nor inventions by Indian emigres or Indian diaspora in other places. Changes in minor concepts of design or style and artistic innovations do not appear in the lists.
Innovation is related to, but not the same as, invention: [4] innovation is more apt to involve the practical implementation of an invention (i.e. new / improved ability) to make a meaningful impact in a market or society, [5] and not all innovations require a new invention. [6] Technical innovation often manifests itself via the engineering ...
Another meaning of invention is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social behaviours adopted by people and passed on to others. [5] The Institute for Social Inventions collected many such ideas in magazines and books. [6] Invention is also an important component of artistic and design creativity. Inventions often extend ...
Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. [1] [2] In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of ...
Timeline of Indian innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.. The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories: architecture, astronomy, cartography, metallurgy, logic, mathematics, metrology, mineralogy, automobile engineering, information technology, communications, space ...
The size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewerage. [3] Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization, including artificial reservoirs at Girnar dated to 3000 BCE, and an ...
The word is a Sanskrit compound, gurutvā-karṣaṇam, meaning roughly "pulling by weight". One can confirm with any good Hindi or Sanskrit lexicon the meaning of the two elements, if not the complete compound. In fact I just checked Google translate, and even that poor source, selecting for Hindi, returns "gravity" for 'gurutvākarṣaṇ ...