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Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes .
Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided in relation to the nutrition mode according to the sources of energy and carbon, needed for living, growth and reproduction. The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds; the sources of carbon can be of organic or inorganic origin. [1]
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients , which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures.
Amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica uses holozoic nutrition. Holozoic nutrition (Greek: holo -whole ; zoikos -of animals) is a type of heterotrophic nutrition that is characterized by the internalization ( ingestion ) and internal processing of liquids or solid food particles. [ 1 ]
A protist (/ ˈ p r oʊ t ɪ s t / PROH-tist) or protoctist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus.Protists do not form a natural group, or clade, but are a polyphyletic grouping of several independent clades that evolved from the last eukaryotic common ancestor.
All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. [1] Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology , mycology , and protozoology , just as protists embrace mostly unicellular organisms described as algae , some organisms regarded previously as primitive fungi , and protozoa ...
In the process of evolution, single-celled organisms have developed in a variety of directions, and thus their rich morphology results in a large spectrum of swimming modes. [ 8 ] [ 2 ] Many swimming protists actuate tail-like appendages called flagella or cilia in order to generate the required thrust. [ 9 ]
Osmotrophy is used by diverse groups of organisms. [1] Organisms that use osmotrophy include microorganisms like bacteria , many species of protists and most fungi . Invertebrate animal groups like molluscs , sponges , corals , brachiopods and echinoderms may use osmotrophic feeding as a supplemental food source.