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To qualify for need-based aid a student must have a significant amount of financial need, which is determined by the federal government based on the FAFSA. Using the information submitted on the FAFSA, the U.S. Department of Education calculates a figure called the Expected Family Contribution (EFC).
In the United States, schools with large financial aid budgets—typically private, college-preparatory boarding schools—tend to offer either need-blind admission or a commitment to meet the full demonstrated need of the U.S. citizen students that they admit (as determined by the schools' respective financial aid departments). Certain schools ...
The ISIR is also sent to state agencies that award need-based aid. Students can file an appeal with their college financial aid office in order to seek additional financial aid if their current financial situation is no longer the same as the financial information they provided on FAFSA (i.e. their parent recently lost their job).
The payments will be offered to "students who received need-based financial aid to cover some but not all costs (tuition, fees, room, and/or board) to attend," according to the settlement order.
In cases in which a student qualifies for merit-based (rather than need-based) financial aid, the student and their family may pay less than the EFC. A well-to-do family's EFC may exceed the cost of attendance at a school, and in that case the student does not have financial need, as defined by the federal financial aid system.
Most federal aid is need-based. The three most common types of aid are grants, loans, and work-study funds. Grants are a type of financial aid that does not have to be repaid. Generally, grants are for undergraduate students and the grant amount is based on need, cost of attendance, and enrollment status.
In the U.S., a grant is given on the basis of economic need, determined by the amount to which the college's Cost of Attendance (COA) [6] [7] exceeds the Expected Family Contribution (EFC), [8] calculated by the U.S. Department of Education from information submitted on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid following formulas set by the United States Congress.
A Pell Grant is a subsidy the U.S. federal government provides for students who need it to pay for college. Federal Pell Grants are limited to students with exceptional financial need, who have not earned their first bachelor's degree, or who are enrolled in certain post-baccalaureate programs, through participating institutions.