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The Cornubian batholith is a large mass of granite rock, formed about 280 million years ago, which lies beneath much of Cornwall and Devon in the South West Peninsula of England. The main exposed masses of granite are seen at Dartmoor , Bodmin Moor , St Austell , Carnmenellis , Land's End and the Isles of Scilly .
The Cornubian Massif is underpinned by the extensive granitic Cornubian batholith that was intruded into Variscan thrust sheets of low-grade metamorphic rocks over a period of about 25 million years, between 300 and 275 Ma (million years ago), during the Early Permian.
The geology of Cornwall, England, is dominated by its granite backbone, part of the Cornubian batholith, formed during the Variscan orogeny. Around this is an extensive metamorphic aureole (known locally as killas) formed in the mainly Devonian slates that make up most of the rest of the county.
Cornubian batholith – Early Permian intrusion in the South West of England, forming moors where exposed at the surface, such as Dartmoor; Lizard Complex – a piece of obducted oceanic crust, (i.e. an Ophiolite). Iapetus Suture – line of closure of the Iapetus suture.
The Cornubian batholith was intruded into the midst of the folded and faulted sedimentary sequence during the early part of the Permian period, around 280 million years ago. This great mass of granite is seen today as several separate outcrops at the surface throughout south-west England but all are connected as one at depth.
Bodmin Moor is one of five granite plutons in Cornwall that make up part of the Cornubian batholith. [4] The intrusion dates from the Cisuralian epoch, the earliest part of the Permian period, and outcrops across about 190 square km. Around the pluton's margins where it intruded into slates, the country rock has been hornfelsed.
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Tregonning Hill is a detached outcrop of the Cornubian batholith. The granite has been altered by kaolinization resulting in china clay. Disused pits, gullies, waste-tips and debris litter the hillside. [3] While visiting the area in 1745, William Cookworthy, a Plymouth chemist observed a very fine clay being used to repair furnaces.