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Arteriosclerosis, literally meaning "hardening of the arteries", is an umbrella term for a vascular disorder characterized by abnormal thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity [3] of the walls of arteries; [4] this process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of ...
An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. [1] [2]The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, [3] [4] or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue.
The fibro-lipid (fibro-fatty) plaque is characterized by an accumulation of lipid-laden cells underneath the intima of the arteries, typically without narrowing the lumen due to compensatory expansion of the bounding muscular layer of the artery wall. Beneath the endothelium, there is a "fibrous cap" covering the atheromatous "core" of the plaque.
Carotid endarterectomy: A carotid endarterectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove plaque from within your carotid artery, the main blood vessel that carries blood to your brain.
Also arterial hyalinosis and arteriolar hyalinosis refers to thickening of the walls of arterioles by the deposits that appear as homogeneous pink hyaline material in routine staining. [3] It is a type of arteriolosclerosis, which refers to thickening of the arteriolar wall and is part of the aging process.
The human arterial system originates from the aortic arches and from the dorsal aortae starting from week 4 of embryonic life. The first and second aortic arches regress and form only the maxillary arteries and stapedial arteries respectively. The arterial system itself arises from aortic arches 3, 4 and 6 (aortic arch 5 completely regresses).
The progressive accumulation of plaque within the artery wall over decades leads to the development of unstable vulnerable plaque which can detach as clots leading to strokes and heart attacks. IVUS is of use to determine both plaque volume within the wall of the artery and/or the degree of stenosis of the artery lumen.
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