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The Abzû or Apsû (Sumerian: ππͺ abzû; Akkadian: ππͺ apsû), also called E ngar (Cuneiform: π, LAGAB×HAL; Sumerian: engar; Akkadian: engurru – lit. ab = 'water' zû = 'deep', recorded in Greek as αΌπασΟν ApasαΉn [1]), is the name for fresh water from underground aquifers which was given a religious fertilising quality in ancient near eastern cosmology, including ...
Enki (Sumerian: πππ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: πππ) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
In Sumerian cosmology, the souls of the dead had to travel across the desert or steppe, cross the Hubur river, to the mountainland of Kur. [5] Here the souls had to pass through seven different walled and gated locations to reach the netherworld. [11] The Anunnaki administered Kur as if it were a civilized settlement both architecturally and ...
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as ErαΉ£etu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
Enlil was the patron god of the Sumerian city-state of Nippur [14] and his main center of worship was the Ekur temple located there. [15] The name of the temple literally means "Mountain House" in ancient Sumerian. [16] The Ekur was believed to have been built and established by Enlil himself. [16]
The Sumerian myth of Enki and Ninmah (Ninhursag) states that humans were fashioned from clay to serve the gods (see Enki and the Making of Man). Of note, the creation of humans is portrayed as a contest between Enki and Ninhursag, who take turns finding correct places in society for the newly created humans.
The Sumerian mythological epic Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta lists the countries where the "languages are confused" as Subartu, Hamazi, Sumer, Uri-ki , and the Martu land (the Amorites). Similarly, the earliest references to the "four-quarters" by the kings of Akkad name Subartu as one of these quarters around Akkad, along with Martu, Elam ...
Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Flood Story and the Sumerian Deluge Myth, [1] [2] offers a description of the story surrounding how humanity was created by the gods, how the office of kingship entered human civilization, the circumstances leading to the origins of the first cities, and the global flood.