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The electron transport chain comprises an enzymatic series of electron donors and acceptors. Each electron donor will pass electrons to an acceptor of higher redox potential, which in turn donates these electrons to another acceptor, a process that continues down the series until electrons are passed to oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor in ...
Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as "donor:acceptor oxidoreductase"; however, other names are much more common. [ citation needed ] The common name is " donor dehydrogenase " when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above.
Reduction of coenzyme Q from its ubiquinone form (Q) to the reduced ubiquinol form (QH 2). The electron transport chain carries both protons and electrons, passing electrons from donors to acceptors, and transporting protons across a membrane. These processes use both soluble and protein-bound transfer molecules.
In chemistry, charge-transfer (CT) complex, or electron donor-acceptor complex, describes a type of supramolecular assembly of two or more molecules or ions. The assembly consists of two molecules that self-attract through electrostatic forces, i.e., one has at least partial negative charge and the partner has partial positive charge, referred ...
The electron donating power of a donor molecule is measured by its ionization potential, which is the energy required to remove an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital . The overall energy balance (ΔE), i.e., energy gained or lost, in an electron donor-acceptor transfer is determined by the difference between the acceptor's ...
Charge-transfer interactions are also important in protein stabilization and surface interaction. In general donor-acceptor processes, one can think of excess electron density being present which can be donated to an electrophilic species. In aqueous media, these solute interactions are primarily due to pi orbital electron effects. [11]
A phylloquinone, sometimes called vitamin K 1, [16] is the next early electron acceptor in PSI. It oxidizes A 1 in order to receive the electron and in turn is re-oxidized by F x, from which the electron is passed to F b and F a. [16] [17] The reduction of F x appears to be the rate-limiting step. [15]
The glutamate residue is highly conserved because it both stabilizes the semiquinone form of FAD and is a proton donor/acceptor in the reaction. [5] The rate limiting step of the electron transfer reaction is the release of the first oxidized ferredoxin molecule after the reduction of FAD with one electron. [3]