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In vitro tests can also be combined with in vivo testing to make a in vitro in vivo test battery, ... where the in vitro data provide model parameter values [41]
Therefore, extrapolating adverse effects observed in vitro is incorporated into a quantitative model of in vivo PK model. It is generally accepted that physiologically based PK models, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of any given chemical are central to in vitro - in vivo extrapolations. [3]
In microbiology, in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism, rather than in live isolated cells, for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies. In this situation, the more specific term is ex vivo. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro. [citation needed]
An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response". Generally, the in-vitro property is the rate or extent of drug dissolution or release while the in-vivo ...
Molecular models of DNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and presenting the essential, physical and chemical, properties of DNA molecular structures either in vivo or in vitro.
The simplest in vitro model for calcification is the static culture method. This method uses cell culture media enriched with different ions found in the blood plasma, such as calcium and phosphate, to produce a calcification effect on the cells. [1] This model, which simulates physiological temperature and pH, has been used to study living ...
PBPK models are compartmental models like many others, but they have a few advantages over so-called "classical" pharmacokinetic models, which are less grounded in physiology. PBPK models can first be used to abstract and eventually reconcile disparate data (from physicochemical or biochemical experiments, in vitro or in vivo pharmacological or ...
Samples can be harvested for analysis from these models from any compartment at any time. TIM-2 simulates the colon, containing the microbiota as found in human colon. This model serves as a tool to study fermentation of non-digestible food components (fibers and prebiotics) and the release of drugs specifically targeted for the colon. [9]