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The fornix (from Latin: fornix, lit. 'arch'; pl.: fornices) is a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that acts as the major output tract of the hippocampus. The fornix also carries some afferent fibers to the hippocampus from structures in the diencephalon and basal forebrain. The fornix is part of the limbic system. While its exact ...
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional , connective , and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate. Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
Hippocampus anatomy describes the physical aspects and properties of the hippocampus, a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain. It has a distinctive, curved shape that has been likened to the sea-horse creature of Greek mythology , and the ram's horns of Amun in Egyptian mythology .
A major output goes via the fornix to the lateral septal area and to the mammillary body of the hypothalamus (which the fornix interconnects with the hippocampus). [20] The hippocampus receives modulatory input from the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine systems, and from the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus to field CA1.
The subfornical organ (SFO) is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. [1] [2] Its name comes from its location on the ventral surface of the fornix near the interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro), which interconnect the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.
The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1. The hippocampal relay involves three main regions within the hippocampus which are classified according to their cell type and projection fibers.
The subfornical organ is a sensory CVO situated on the underside of the fornix and lacking a BBB, the absence of which characterizes the circumventricular organs. Protruding into the third ventricle of the brain, the highly vascularized SFO can be divided into 3–4 anatomical zones, especially by its capillary density and structure.
Typically, the hippocampal formation is said to included the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the subiculum. [2] The presubiculum, parasubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex may also be included. [3] The hippocampal formation is thought to play a role in memory, spatial navigation and control of attention.