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The term Larger urban zone (LUZ) was later renamed as the Functional urban area (FUA). [1] In 2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Bank have also adopted the Functional urban area as their definition for delimitation of metropolitan ...
Urban geography is the subdiscipline of geography that derives from a study of cities and urban processes. Urban geographers and urbanists [1] examine various aspects of urban life and the built environment. Scholars, activists, and the public have participated in, studied, and critiqued flows of economic and natural resources, human and non ...
In France, an urban area (Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville) is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine) [41] – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt . Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area [42] to be similar to their metropolitan area.
Urban infrastructure involves various physical networks and spaces necessary for transportation, water use, energy, recreation, and public functions. [213] Infrastructure carries a high initial cost in fixed capital but lower marginal costs and thus positive economies of scale . [ 214 ]
Urban structure is the arrangement of land use in urban areas, in other words, how the land use of a city is set out. [1] Urban planners , economists , and geographers have developed several models that explain where different types of people and businesses tend to exist within the urban setting.
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
An example of functional zoning would be an area that has designated zones based on a function such as an industrial zone, a recreational zone and a residential zone. [1] An example of an area zoned by its physical characteristics is defined in terms of characteristics like development density, minimum lot size, and building coverage, placement ...
Urban morphology is considered as the study of urban tissue, or fabric, as a means of discerning the environmental level normally associated with urban design. Tissue comprises coherent neighborhood morphology (open spaces, building) and functions (human activity).