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In dentistry, the linea alba (from Latin 'white line') [1] is a horizontal streak on the buccal mucosa (inner surface of the cheek), level with the occlusion (biting plane). ). It usually extends from the commissure to the posterior teeth, and can extend to the inner lip mucosa and corners of the mo
The presence of the dark lines is similar to the annual rings on a tree. They are named after Swedish anatomist Anders Retzius. In the longitudinal section of a tooth, these lines appear near the dentin. They bend obliquely near the cervical region. They curve occlusally near the cuspal regions or the incisal regions.
The border created by these two dental tissues has much significance as it is usually the location where the gingiva (gums) attaches to a healthy tooth by fibers called the gingival fibers. [2] Active recession of the gingiva reveals the cementoenamel junction in the mouth and is usually a sign of an unhealthy condition.
The mucosa of the cheeks and floor of the mouth are freely moveable and fragile, whereas the mucosa around the teeth and on the palate are firm and keratinized. Where the two tissue types meet is known as a mucogingival junction. There are three mucogingival junctions: on the facial of the maxilla and on both the facial and lingual of the mandible.
Sometimes poorly constructed prosthetic teeth may be the cause if the original bite is altered. Usually, the teeth are placed too far facially (i.e., buccally and/or labially), outside the " neutral zone ", which is the term for the area where the dental arch is usually situated, where lateral forces between the tongue and cheek musculature are ...
Horizontal fibers (J) attach to the cementum apical to the alveolar crest fibers and run perpendicularly from the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone. Oblique fibers ( K ) are the most numerous fibers in the periodontal ligament, running from cementum in an oblique direction to insert into bone coronally.
They develop where the mucosa is subjected to chronic minor irritants, mechanical or infective. They most frequently occur on the buccal mucosa (inner cheek) along the occlusal line where the teeth meet and the gingivae (the mucosa which covers the gums); reactive nodules occurring here are specifically categorised as epulides instead of polyps.
Abfraction is a form of non-carious tooth tissue loss that occurs along the gingival margin. [2] In other words, abfraction is a mechanical loss of tooth structure that is not caused by tooth decay, located along the gum line. There is theoretical evidence to support the concept of abfraction, but little experimental evidence exists. [3]