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Nitrogen-13 and oxygen-15 are produced in the atmosphere when gamma rays (for example from lightning) knock neutrons out of nitrogen-14 and oxygen-16: 14 N + γ → 13 N + n 16 O + γ → 15 O + n. The nitrogen-13 produced as a result decays with a half-life of 9.965(4) min to carbon-13, emitting a positron.
Oxygen-15 is a radioisotope, often used in positron emission tomography (PET). It can be used in, among other things, water for PET myocardial perfusion imaging and for brain imaging. [20] [21] It has an atomic mass of 15.003 0656 (5), and a half-life of 122.266(43) s. It is produced through deuteron bombardment of nitrogen-14 using a cyclotron ...
Nitrogen-13 is used in medical PET imaging in the form of 13 N-labelled ammonia. It can be produced with a medical cyclotron, using a target of pure water with a trace amount of ethanol. The reactants are oxygen-16 (present as H 2 O) and a proton, and the products are nitrogen-13 and an alpha particle (helium-4). 1 H + 16 O → 13 N + 4 He
This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods include jumping up and down make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds.
Examples include carbon-14, nitrogen-15, and oxygen-16 in the table above. Isobars are nuclides with the same number of nucleons (i.e. mass number) but different numbers of protons and neutrons. Isobars neighbor each other diagonally from lower-left to upper-right. Examples include carbon-14, nitrogen-14, and oxygen-14 in the table above.
Nitrogen-15 is extensively used to trace mineral nitrogen compounds (particularly fertilizers) in the environment. [15] When combined with the use of other isotopic labels, 15 N is also a very important tracer for describing the fate of nitrogenous organic pollutants. [16] [17] Nitrogen-15 tracing is an important method used in biogeochemistry.
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The atmosphere has a mass of about 5.15 ... [13] Stratification. Earth's atmosphere. ... helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon ...