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Depiction of Vikings sailing a longship from c. 1100 [1]. Vikings were active in Brittany during the Middle Ages, even occupying a portion of it for a time.Throughout the 9th century, the Bretons faced threats from various flanks: they resisted full incorporation into the Frankish Carolingian Empire yet they also had to repel an emerging threat of the new duchy of Normandy on their eastern ...
the last king of Brittany; The second Viking invasion and occupation (907–937) Alan I's son Mathuedoi, Count of Poher, and his son (who would become Alan II) fled Brittany and lived in exile with the king of England. Mathuedoi was a king in exile but never crowned.
Mathuedoï and his cousin Gourmaelon, the Count of Cornouailles, stood in line to succeed Alan I as ruler of Brittany. Mathuedoï renounced his claim as Viking invasions of Brittany increased. Subsequent to the invasion of the Loire Viking fleet led by Rognvaldr, he exiled himself and his son Alan Barbecorte to England in 924. [2]
After 1532, Brittany retained a certain fiscal and regulatory autonomy, which was defended by the Estates of Brittany despite the rising tide of royal absolutism. Brittany remained on the whole strongly Catholic during the period of the Huguenots and the Wars of Religion, although Protestantism made some headway in Nantes and a few other areas.
The Viking occupation of Brittany lasted until about 936. [20] Little recorded history of this period is available until Alan Barbetorte returned in 937 to expel the Vikings and reestablish a version of the former Carolingian kingdom. [21] [13]
From a historical perspective, the Bretons had steadily lost lands to the Norman's ancestors, the Seine River Vikings. The 1064–1065 animosity between Brittany and Normandy was sparked after William the Conqueror, as Duke of Normandy, supported a Breton, Rivallon I of Dol's rebellion against the hereditary Duke of Brittany, Conan II.
Brittany was soon overrun by Vikings, who defeated and slew Gourmaëlon in battle in 913/914 and held the region until 936 when Alan I's grandson Alan II returned to Brittany from exile in Æthelstan's England, vanquished the Vikings, and succeeded in reestablishing Christian rule.
The Viking raids in the Rhineland were part of a series of invasions of Francia by the Vikings that took place during the final decades of the 9th century. From the Rhineland, which can be regarded as the nucleus of Frankish culture, the Franks had previously conquered almost the whole of Central Europe and established a great empire.