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Jaw cysts affect around 3.5% of the population. 10 They are more common in males than females at a ratio of 1.6:1 and most people get them between their 40s and 60s. The order of the jaw cysts from most common to least common is; radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, residual cysts and odontogenic keratocysts.
Smaller and unilocular lesions resembling other types of cysts may require a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. [10] On a CT scan , the radiodensity of a keratocystic odontogenic tumour is about 30 Hounsfield units , which is about the same as ameloblastomas .
Periapical cysts exist in two structurally distinct classes: Periapical true cysts - cysts containing cavities entirely surrounded in epithelial lining. Resolution of this type of cyst requires surgical treatment such as a cystectomy. [10] Periapical pocket cysts - epithelium lined cavities that have an opening to the root canal of the affected ...
A median mandibular cyst is a type of cyst that occurs in the midline of the mandible, thought to be created by proliferation and cystic degeneration of resting epithelial tissue that is left trapped within the substance of the bone during embryologic fusion of the two halves of the mandible, along the plane of fusion later termed the symphysis menti.
Dentigerous cysts in the maxilla often extend into the antrum, displacing and remodeling the bony sinus wall. Large cysts which may project into the nasal cavity or infratemporal fossa and may elevate the floor of the orbit can be noted on CT imaging. In the mandible, buccal or lingual cortical expansion and thinning are noted. [24]
The Stafne defect (also termed Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity, Stafne bone cavity, Stafne bone cyst (misnomer), lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, lingual mandibular cortical defect, latent bone cyst, or static bone cyst) is a depression of the mandible, most commonly located on the lingual surface (the side nearest the tongue).
It is rare but have been reported in literature that cysts can display mandibular or maxillary bone expansion, bone perforation and overlying gingiva communication. [10] Lateral periodontal cysts radiographically present as a rounded, teardrop shape that are usually less than 10mm in size, presenting with a uni-cystic well-delineated radiolucency.
Odontogenic cysts are a group of jaw cysts that are formed from tissues involved in odontogenesis (tooth development). Odontogenic cysts are closed sacs, and have a distinct membrane derived from the rest of odontogenic epithelium. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material.