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  2. Lineage (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)

    A lineage is a single line of descent or linear chain within the tree, while a clade is a (usually branched) monophyletic group, containing a single ancestor and all its descendants. [3] Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data. Apart from this, morphological differences and similarities have been, and ...

  3. Monophyly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophyly

    The term monophyly, or monophyletic, derives from the two Ancient Greek words μόνος (mónos), meaning "alone, only, unique", and φῦλον (phûlon), meaning "genus, species", [4] [5] and refers to the fact that a monophyletic group includes organisms (e.g., genera, species) consisting of all the descendants of a unique common ancestor.

  4. Last universal common ancestor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor

    His formal test favoured the existence of a universal common ancestry over a wide class of alternative hypotheses that included horizontal gene transfer. Basic biochemical principles imply that all organisms do have a common ancestry. [71] A proposed, earlier, non-cellular ancestor to LUCA is the First universal common ancestor (FUCA).

  5. Phylogenetic tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree

    The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).

  6. Molecular phylogenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics

    In a molecular systematic analysis, the haplotypes are determined for a defined area of genetic material; a substantial sample of individuals of the target species or other taxon is used; however, many current studies are based on single individuals. Haplotypes of individuals of closely related, yet different, taxa are also determined.

  7. Phylogenetic nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_nomenclature

    A branch-based definition, often termed a stem-based definition, could read: "the first ancestor of A which is not also an ancestor of C, and all descendants of that ancestor". Thus, the entire line below the junction of A and B (other than the bottommost point) does belong to the clade to which the name with this definition refers.

  8. Phylogenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics

    Phylogenetic analysis helps understand the evolutionary history of various groups of organisms, identify relationships between different species, and predict future evolutionary changes. Emerging imagery systems and new analysis techniques allow for the discovery of more genetic relationships in biodiverse fields, which can aid in conservation ...

  9. Computational phylogenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_phylogenetics

    Phylogenetic trees generated by computational phylogenetics can be either rooted or unrooted depending on the input data and the algorithm used. A rooted tree is a directed graph that explicitly identifies a most recent common ancestor (MRCA), [citation needed] usually an inputed sequence that is not represented in the input.