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{{Infobox element}}; labels & notes: (Image) GENERAL PROPERTIES Name Symbol Pronunciation (data central) Alternative name(s) Allotropes Appearance <element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic table Atomic number Standard atomic weight (data central) Element category (also header bg color) (sets header bg color, over 'series='-color) Group Period ...
Phosphorus has several allotropes that exhibit strikingly diverse properties. [11] The two most common allotropes are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. [12] For both pure and applied uses, the most important allotrope is white phosphorus, often abbreviated WP. White phosphorus is a soft, waxy molecular solid composed of P 4 tetrahedra. This P
White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus or simply tetraphosphorus (P 4) exists as molecules of four phosphorus atoms in a tetrahedral structure, joined by six phosphorus—phosphorus single bonds. [1] The free P 4 molecule in the gas phase has a P-P bond length of r g = 2.1994(3) Å as was determined by gas electron diffraction . [ 2 ]
The phosphate ion has a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −
Example of Jmol coloring. The following table shows colors assigned to each element by some popular software products. Column C is the original assignment by Corey and Pauling. [3] Column K is that of Koltun's patent. [4] Column J is the color scheme used by the molecular visualizer Jmol. [9]
Under standard conditions, red phosphorus is more stable than white phosphorus, but less stable than the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus. The standard enthalpy of formation of red phosphorus is −17.6 kJ/mol. [3] Red phosphorus is kinetically most stable. Being polymeric, red phosphorus is insoluble in solvents. It shows ...
Molecular models may be created for several reasons – as pedagogic tools for students or those unfamiliar with atomistic structures; as objects to generate or test theories (e.g., the structure of DNA); as analogue computers (e.g., for measuring distances and angles in flexible systems); or as aesthetically pleasing objects on the boundary of ...
The first practical use of molecular graphics was a simple display of the protein myoglobin using a wireframe representation in 1966 by Cyrus Levinthal and Robert Langridge working at Project MAC. [7] Among the milestones in high-performance molecular graphics was the work of Nelson Max in "realistic" rendering of macromolecules using ...