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Acid rain can negatively impact human health, especially when people breathe in particles released from acid rain. [1] The effects of acid rain on human health are complex and may be seen in several ways, such as respiratory issues for long-term exposure and indirect exposure through contaminated food and water sources.
Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground-level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen oxides. An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have many effects on humans and the ecosystem. [61]
Acid rain-damaged forest in Europe's Black Triangle. Such an increase in sulfate aerosol emissions had a variety of effects. At the time, the most visible one was acid rain, caused by precipitation from clouds carrying high concentrations of sulfate aerosols in the troposphere. [25]
The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are anthropogenic, but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes and sulphur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. [66] Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure. [67] [68]
Diagram depicting the sources and cycles of acid rain precipitation. Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake, pond, or reservoir. [1]
Turów Power Station, a thermal power station in Bogatynia, Poland Effects of acid rain in the Jizera Mountains in 2006. The Black Triangle (German: Schwarzes Dreieck, Lower Sorbian: Carny tsirozk, Upper Sorbian: Čorny trirózk) is the border region between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, long characterized by extremely high levels of pollution.
Volcanic gases include carbon dioxide, which can be fatal in large concentrations and contributes to climate change, hydrogen halides which can cause acid rain, sulfur dioxides, which are harmful to animals and damage the ozone layer, and hydrogen sulfides, which are capable of killing humans at concentrations of less than 1 part per thousand. [20]
Two major causes of acid rain are sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. [7] Acid rain can cause damage to soil, water, wildlife, plants and buildings. Additionally, the airborne particles that cause acid rain can also contribute to smog. [7] In recent years progress has been made in reducing acid rain, however, Alberta's oil sands may soon set ...