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The Public Service Commendation Medal is a bronze disc 35 mm height and 32 mm in width. Superimposed on the disc is an equilateral triangle which symbolizes civilians. Displayed on the triangle is the coat of arms of the United States , symbolizing service to the federal government.
Executive Order 10988 is a United States presidential executive order issued by President John F. Kennedy on January 17, 1962 that granted federal employees the right to collective bargaining. This executive order was a breakthrough for public sector workers, who were not protected under the 1935 Wagner Act .
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 ( 5 U.S.C. § 2101 ). [ 1 ]
The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) is the largest trade union of public employees in the United States. [2] It represents 1.3 million [1] public sector employees and retirees, including health care workers, corrections officers, sanitation workers, police officers, firefighters, [3] and childcare providers.
The first U.S. state to permit collective bargaining by public employees was Wisconsin, in 1959. [15] Collective bargaining is now permitted in three fourths of U.S. states. [16] By the 1960s and 1970s public-sector unions expanded rapidly to cover teachers, clerks, firemen, police, prison guards and others.
The Public Service Alliance of Canada (PSAC) is the largest public sector union in Canada, representing 159,000 public service workers, [1] [8] of which 120,000 fall under the Treasury Board of Canada and 39,000 are Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) employees under the Union of Taxation Employees (UTE) component of PSAC. [9] [10] [11]
Collectively a state's civil servants form its civil service or public service. The concept arose in China and modern civil service developed in Britain in the 18th century. An international civil servant or international staff member is a civilian employee who is employed by an intergovernmental organization.
The Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board (FPSLREB; French: Commission des relations de travail et de l’emploi dans le secteur public fédéral, LCRTESPF) is an independent quasi-judicial tribunal that administers the collective bargaining and "grievance adjudication systems" in Canada's federal public service and in Parliament.