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The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant [a] [2] who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territory .
During Pre-Colonial period Kavalar system [4] was prevalent for policing activity. By 1816 the system was abolished and taken over by the District Board. The current policing system in Trichinopoly District headed by a Superintendent was introduced in 1860 under The Madras District Police Act, 1859 [5] after the formation of British Raj in India.
In Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir, it is known as the Criminal Investigation Department. In Delhi and Kerala , the CID is referred to as the Crime Branch, and in Tamil Nadu , it is known as the Crime Branch-Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID).
During the British Raj, railways were initially policed by the district police of the respective jurisdictions. However, as railway lines traversed multiple police districts, the need arose for a dedicated railway police. This led to the establishment of separate railway police districts, covering specific sections of railway lines within a ...
During the British Raj, India experienced a large number of major famines, including the Great Famine of 1876–1878, in which 6.1 million to 10.39 million Indians perished [200] and the Indian famine of 1899–1900, in which 1.25 to 10 million Indians perished. [201] Child who starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943
Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court or Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate (abbreviated as CJM Court) is the second tier court in the criminal court structure in India.Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate is the apex body of the Criminal Judiciary at the district level, and it is presided over by the Chief Judicial Magistrate. [1]