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Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics. Moral theology encompasses Catholic social teaching, Catholic medical ethics, sexual ethics, and various doctrines on individual moral virtue and moral theory. It can be distinguished as dealing with "how one is to act", in contrast ...
Christian ethics, also referred to as moral theology, was a branch of theology for most of its history. [3]: 15 Becoming a separate field of study, it was separated from theology during the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Enlightenment and, according to Christian ethicist Waldo Beach, for most 21st-century scholars it has become a "discipline of reflection and analysis that lies between ...
The contents of each volume of Moral Theology are listed broadly below: [3] Volume 1: Preface to the discourse (dissertatio prolegomena), on conscience, on laws, on the theological virtues, and on the first commandment; Volume 2: On commandments II, III, IV, V, VI, IX and VII, on justice and laws, and on restitution
The most recent Catechism of the Catholic Church, the official summary of Church beliefs, devotes a large section to the Commandments, [7] which serve as the basis for Catholic social teaching. [4] According to the Catechism, the Church has given them a predominant place in teaching the faith since the fifth century. [7]
Catholic moral theology drew from both the Wisdom of Solomon and the Fourth Book of Maccabees in developing its thought on the virtues. [14] Ambrose (c. 330s – c. 397) used the expression "cardinal virtues": And we know that there are four cardinal virtues - temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude. —
Catholic social doctrine is rooted in the social teachings of the New Testament, [11] the Church Fathers, [12] the Old Testament, and Hebrew scriptures. [13] [14] The church responded to historical conditions in medieval and early modern Europe with philosophical and theological teachings on social justice which considered the nature of humanity, society, economy, and politics. [15]
The document was presented by Renato Martino, President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, on April 2, 2004, the memorial of Francis of Paola. [6] He noted that the document was preceded by Laborem Exercens, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis and Centesimus Annus, wherein John Paul II expounded upon the church's social teaching.
Several Catholic dioceses have groups created with the aim of promoting the consistent life ethic in their communities and putting it into practice. [24] The Catholic Worker Movement , established by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin , is an organization primarily aimed towards grassroots organization and volunteer work to serve the poor ...