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The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [ 1 ]
In 2005, the definition of sleep apnea was changed to include patients with UARS by using RDI to determine sleep apnea severity. The diagnosis of UARS is based on findings on a polysomnogram . On polysomnograms, a UARS patient will have very few apneas and hypopneas, but many Respiratory effort-related Arousals.
While the AHI measures the mean number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep, the RDI adds to this measure the respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs). [54] The OSA syndrome is thus diagnosed if the AHI is > 5 episodes per hour and results in daytime sleepiness and fatigue or when the RDI is ≥ 15 independently of the symptoms. [55]
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, ...
“Regular age-related fatigue might involve feeling tired after physical exertion or a long day. In contrast, the sleep issues studied here include excessive daytime sleepiness (falling asleep ...
Actigraphy can assess sleep/wake patterns without confining one to the laboratory. The monitors are small, wrist-worn movement monitors that can record activity for up to several weeks. Sleep and wakefulness are determined by using an algorithm that analyzes the movement of the patient and the input of bed and wake times from a sleep diary.
National Geographic Magazine has reported that the demands of work, social activities, and the availability of 24-hour home entertainment and Internet access have caused people to sleep less now than in premodern times. [205] USA Today reported in 2007 that most adults in the USA get about an hour less than the average sleep time 40 years ago ...
The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]