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The government creates a designated public forum when it intentionally opens a nontraditional forum for public discourse. Limited public forums, such as municipal meeting rooms, are nonpublic forums that have been specifically designated by the government as open to certain groups or topics. Traditional public forums cannot be changed to ...
On October 12, 2004, Judge Arthur Tarnow determined that "The Arrow" student newspaper was an example of a limited public forum after reviewing the degree of control school officials exercised over the paper, which ultimately separated this case from the decision expressed in Hazelwood. [3]
A "limited public forum" may "reserve its forum for certain groups or for the discussion of certain topics" but because the exclusion of the Good News Club discriminated against a viewpoint, the Court did not rule on whether the restriction was "reasonable in light of the purpose served by the forum". [1] Applying Lamb's Chapel v.
A designated forum is usually public property the government opens for public expression, such as theatres and state schools. [40] The difference between traditional public forums and designated public forums is in a designated public forum the government may limit access to the area to only certain groups, speakers, or subjects, so long as ...
Jan. 2—The public's time to voice its opinions to the Spokane City Council may change significantly later this year, if a proposal sponsored by Council President Betsy Wilkerson is approved ...
The Act provides that if a school receives federal aid and has a "limited open forum," or at least one student-led non-curriculum club that meets outside of class time, it must allow additional such clubs to be organized, and must give them equal access to meeting spaces and school publications. Exceptions can be made for groups that ...
The concept of a public forum is not limited to physical space or public property, for example, a newspaper might be considered a public forum, but see forum in the legal sense as the term has a specific meaning in United States law. Parks, malls, beaches, waiting rooms, etc., may be closed at night.
A public forum is a public place, such as a street or park, that "time out of mind, [has] been used" for expressive purposes. [3] In the traditional public forum, speech restrictions must be content-neutral, be narrowly tailored to serve a significant government interest , and leave open ample alternative channels of communication.