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Urbanization in Indonesia increased tremendously following the country's rapid development in the 1970s. [1] Since then, Indonesia has been facing high urbanization rates driven by rural-urban migration. In 1950, 15% of Indonesia's population lived in urban areas. In 1990, 40 years later, this number doubled to 30%. [2]
3.9 billion people—half of the world's population—currently live in cities globally. It is projected that 5 billion people will live in cities by 2030. [95] Cities across the world occupy just 3 percent of the Earth's land, yet account for 60–80 percent of energy consumption and 75 percent of carbon emissions. There are serious challenges ...
Drivers, processes, and impacts of sinking cities [1]. Sinking cities are urban environments that are in danger of disappearing due to their rapidly changing landscapes.The largest contributors to these cities becoming unlivable are the combined effects of climate change (manifested through sea level rise, intensifying storms, and storm surge), land subsidence, and accelerated urbanization. [2]
The proportion of the core city's (Jakarta) population to that of the entire metropolitan area also declined significantly. In 2020, the population of Jakarta was only 30.4% of the total population of the Jakarta metropolitan area, continuing the decline from 54.6% in 1990 to 43.2% in 2000 and 35.5% in 2010.
Jakarta [c] (/ dʒ ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə /; Indonesian pronunciation: [dʒaˈkarta] ⓘ, Betawi: Jakartè), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta; DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital city of Indonesia and an autonomous region at the provincial level.
According to the 2017 World Bank report, urbanization goes hand in hand with economic growth, which implies greater productivity and higher standards of living, but this is not always the case in all cities and societies around the world. Today, 56% of the world's population, or 4.4 billion people, live in cities.
South Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Selatan; Betawi: Jakarte Beludik), abbreviated as Jaksel, is one of the five administrative cities which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. South Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council , hence it is not classified as a proper municipality .
Jakarta is the country's primate city and the second-most populous urban area globally, with over 34 million residents. [246] About 8 million Indonesians live overseas; most settled in Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, South Africa, Singapore, Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia. [247