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On 29 January 2009, the Zimbabwean government legalised the use of foreign currencies, such as the United States dollar and the South African rand.In response, Zimbabweans quickly abandoned the old Zimbabwean dollar, which was collapsing from what was at the time the second-highest ever rate of hyperinflation in the world (after the Hungarian pengő in 1946).
The first Zimbabwean dollar was introduced in 1980 and replaced the Rhodesian dollar at par. The initial ISO 4217 code was ZWD. At the time of its introduction, the Zimbabwean dollar was worth more than the US dollar in the official exchange market, with 1 ZWD = US$1.47, although this did not reflect the actual purchasing power it held.
In January 2009, acting Finance Minister Patrick Chinamasa lifted the restriction to use only Zimbabwean dollars. [citation needed] This acknowledged what many were already doing. Citizens were allowed to use the US dollar, the euro, and the South African rand. However, teachers and civil servants were still being paid in Zimbabwean dollars.
The ZiG is Zimbabwe's sixth attempt since 2008 at creating a new currency that will make it independent of the US dollar. [16] Since the currency crisis of 2008–2009, Zimbabwe has a multi-currency system. It was introduced in 2009 after the hyperinflation of the fourth Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL). For ten years there was no Zimbabwean currency.
On 2 February 2009, the Reserve Bank introduced banknotes of the fourth dollar, equal to one trillion (1 000 000 000 000 or 10 12) third dollars: the banknotes of the third dollar were supposed to lose legal tender status by 1 July 2009, but the power-sharing government of Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai instead suspended the Zimbabwean dollar ...
Also, in many African currencies there have been episodes of rampant inflation, resulting in the need for currency revaluation (e.g. the Zimbabwe dollar). In some places there is a thriving street trade by unlicensed street traders in US dollars or other stable currencies, which are seen as a hedge against local inflation. The exchange rate is ...
Zimbabwean exports in 2006. The economy of Zimbabwe is a gold standard based economy. Zimbabwe has a $44 billion dollar informal economy in PPP terms which translates to 64.1% of the total economy. [22] Agriculture and mining largely contribute to exports. The economy is estimated to be at $73 billion at the end of 2023. [23]
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency. [1]Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Zimbabwe.