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Together, they are part of Cibus’ strategy to build a family of gene-edited herbicide tolerant traits that could be used across multiple crops either alone or stacked with other developed traits. Traits that make crops tolerant to the major non-selective herbicides are used in over 90% of corn and soybean acres in North and South America.
Half of all GM crops planted were genetically modified soybeans, either for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Eleven countries grew modified soybean, with the USA, Brazil and Argentina accounting for 90% of the total hectarage. Of the 111 hectares of soybean grown worldwide in 2014, 82% was genetically modified in some way.
In 1999, a review of Roundup Ready soybean crops found that, compared to the top conventional varieties, they had a 6.7% lower yield. [9] This so called "yield drag" follows the same pattern observed when other traits are introduced into soybeans by conventional breeding. [ 17 ]
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors) are a class of herbicides that prevent growth in plants by blocking 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme in plants that breaks down the amino acid tyrosine into molecules that are then used by plants to create other molecules that plants need.
A 2014 review covering 12 states from 1996 to 2006, found that a 1% increase in herbicde-tolerant (HT) soybean adoption leads to a 0.21% increase in conservation tillage and a 0.3% decrease in quality-adjusted herbicide use. [225]
Fomesafen is the ISO common name [2] for an organic compound used as an herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) [3] which is necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. Soybeans naturally have a high tolerance to fomesafen, [3] [4] via metabolic disposal by glutathione S-transferase.
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