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Homo (from Latin homō 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
Carl Linnaeus coined the name Homo sapiens. All modern humans are classified into the species Homo sapiens, coined by Carl Linnaeus in his 1735 work Systema Naturae. [9] The generic name Homo is a learned 18th-century derivation from Latin homō, which refers to humans of either sex. [10] [11] The word human can refer to all members of the Homo ...
Homo erectus derives from early Homo or late Australopithecus. Homo habilis, although significantly different of anatomy and physiology, is thought to be the ancestor of Homo ergaster, or African Homo erectus; but it is also known to have coexisted with H. erectus for almost half a million years
The name Homo of the biological genus to which humans belong is Latin for 'human'. [e] It was chosen originally by Carl Linnaeus in his classification system. [f] The English word human is from the Latin humanus, the adjectival form of homo. The Latin homo derives from the Indo-European root * dhghem, or 'earth'. [221]
The genus Homo evolved from Australopithecus. [7] The earliest record of Homo is the 2.8 million-year-old specimen LD 350-1 from Ethiopia, [8] and the earliest named species is Homo habilis which evolved by 2.3 million years ago. [9] The most important difference between Homo habilis and Australopithecus was a 50% increase in brain size. [10]
Homo erectus (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ ə ˈ r ɛ k t ə s / lit. ' upright man ') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago. [2] Its specimens are among the first recognizable members of the genus Homo.
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After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the Holocene ), all fossils shown are Homo sapiens ( anatomically modern humans ), illustrating recent divergence in the formation of modern human sub-populations .