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An example in organic chemistry of the role of geometry in determining dipole moment is the cis and trans isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene. In the cis isomer the two polar C−Cl bonds are on the same side of the C=C double bond and the molecular dipole moment is 1.90 D.
A common example of a dipole is the rabbit ears television antenna found on broadcast television sets. All dipoles are electrically equivalent to two monopoles mounted end-to-end and fed with opposite phases, with the ground plane between them made virtual by the opposing monopole.
As a first example relating dipole moment to polarization, consider a medium made up of a continuous charge density ρ(r) and a continuous dipole moment distribution p(r). [ notes 5 ] The potential at a position r is: [ 10 ] [ 11 ] ϕ ( r ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ∫ ρ ( r 0 )
As the length of an antenna is made shorter than its fundamental resonant length (a half-wavelength for a dipole antenna and a quarter-wavelength for a monopole), the radiation resistance the antenna presents to the feedline decreases with the square of the electrical length, that is the ratio of physical length to wavelength, (/). As a result ...
Typical dipole moments for simple diatomic molecules are in the range of 0 to 11 D. Molecules with symmetry point groups or containing inversion symmetry will not have a permanent dipole moment, while highly ionic molecular species have a very large dipole moment, e.g. gas-phase potassium bromide, KBr, with a dipole moment of 10.41 D. [3] A proton and an electron 1 Å apart have a dipole ...
It is a two element Yagi-Uda antenna with folded dipole elements, and no director(s). Because of the folded ends, the element lengths are approximately 70% of the equivalent dipole length. The two-element design gives modest directivity (about 2.0 dB ) with a null towards the rear of the antenna, yielding a high front-to-back ratio : Gain up to ...
As can be seen in the above table, for linear antennas shorter than their fundamental resonant length (shorter than 1 / 2 λ for a dipole antenna, 1 / 4 λ for a monopole) the radiation resistance decreases with the square of their length; [24] for loop antennas the change is even more extreme, with sub-resonant loops ...
When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, its molecules gain electric dipole moment and the dielectric is said to be polarized. Electric polarization of a given dielectric material sample is defined as the quotient of electric dipole moment (a vector quantity, expressed as coulombs*meters (C*m) in SI units) to volume (meters ...