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The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, [b] (abbreviated Estonian SSR, Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia ⓘ) was an administrative subunit (union republic) of the former Soviet Union (USSR), [1] [2] covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991.
24 September 1939, Stalin demands establishment of Soviet military bases in neutral Estonia, using the Orzeł incident as the pretext and threatening with war in case of noncompliance. 28 September 1939, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact amended pursuant to German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty; most of Lithuania now falls into the Soviet ...
Soviet rule of Estonia was re-established by force, and sovietisation followed, which was mostly carried out in 1944–1950. The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation of Estonians in March 1949. All private farms were confiscated, and farmers were made to join the collective farms.
The second period of occupation covers 1944 when the Soviet forces pushed the Germans out, until the end of the Soviet occupation in 1991 when the three countries restored full independence. Following the Soviet invasion of the Baltic states in June 1940, repressive measures were enforced in these countries, including arrests, executions and ...
On 1 August 1944, the Estonian National Committee pronounced itself Estonia's highest authority, and on 18 September 1944, acting Head of State Jüri Uluots appointed a new government led by Otto Tief. Over the radio, in English, the Estonian government declared its neutrality in the war. The government issued two editions of the State Gazette.
The three countries remained under Soviet rule until regaining their full independence in August 1991, a few months prior to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Soviet rule in the Baltic states led to mass deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union, in order to quell resistance and weaken national identity. Mass ...
1941–1944, Bombing raids in Estonia by the Soviet Union and the Luftwaffe; Bombing of Narva; Bombing of Tallinn; 1944, the Soviet re-occupation of Estonia: 1944, the Soviet offensive in Estonia; 1944, the Estonian attempt to restore independence. Estonians fought on both the German and the Soviet side in the war, in all major battles ...
On 30 March 1990, seeing full restoration of independence not yet feasible due to large Soviet presence, the Estonian Supreme Soviet declared the Soviet Union an occupying power and announced the start of a transitional period to independence. On 4 May 1990, the Latvian Supreme Soviet made a similar declaration. [75]