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A bridge on the Lancaster Canal, featuring coping stones linked by large metal "staples".. Coping (from cope, Latin capa) is the capping or covering of a wall. [1] A splayed or wedge coping is one that slopes in a single direction; a saddle coping slopes to either side of a central high point.
Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar . Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
In higher status buildings, galleting was superseded by square knapping the flints to produce flat, squared stones that produced a surface with little exposed mortar. [ 9 ] It is unclear whether galleting performs a practical, structural function or is an aesthetic application.
Coping The capping or covering of a wall. Corbel A structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight. A corbie gable from Zaltbommel Corbiesteps A series of steps along the slopes of a gable. [17] Also called crow-steps. A gable featuring corbiesteps is known as a corbie gable, crow-step gable, or ...
In some areas, such as South Wales, there is a tradition of placing the coping stones on a final layer of flat stones slightly wider than the top of the wall proper (coverbands). In addition to gates, a wall may contain smaller purposely built gaps for the passage or control of wildlife and livestock such as sheep.
Springing course: Stone masonry on which the first stones of an arch rest. [1] Starting course: The first course of a unit, usually referring to shingles. [1] Case course: Units form the foundation or footing course. It is the lowest course in a masonry wall used for multiple functions, mostly structural. [1]