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Son of Roberto Garcia Diasiwa and Ana Joana Helena Lala Necaca, and a descendant of the royal family of the Kongo Kingdom, [1] Álvaro Holden Necaca Roberto Diasiwa [2] [3] [4] was born in São Salvador in the far north of Angola. His family moved to Léopoldville, in the Belgian Congo, in 1925. In 1940, he graduated from a Baptist mission school.
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independence, under the leadership of Holden Roberto.
On 15 March, two months later, the União das Populações de Angola (UPA), led by Holden Roberto, staged a popular revolt in the Bakongo region of northern Angola. Angolan Bantu farmers and coffee-plantation workers joined the uprising and, in a frenzy of rage, killed some 1,000 white Angolans in a few days, together with an unknown number of natives. [8]
UPA was created on 7 July 1954, as the Union of the Peoples of Northern Angola, by Holden Roberto, a descendant of the old Kongo Royal House, who was born in northern Angola but had lived since his early childhood in the Belgian Congo, where he came to work for the local colonial authorities. In 1958, the movement adopted a more embracing ...
The FNLA and UNITA forged an alliance on 23 November, proclaiming their own coalition government, the Democratic People's Republic of Angola, based in Huambo [59] with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-presidents, and José Ndelé and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Ministers. [60]
Holden Roberto, President (1975–1976) Jonas Savimbi, President (1975–1976, 1979–2002) Prime ministers (complete list) – José Ndele, Johnny Eduardo Pinnock, joint Prime ministers (1975–1976) People's Republic of Angola; Presidents (complete list) – Agostinho Neto, President (1975–1979) Lúcio Lara, Interim President (1979)
The MPLA attempted to move its headquarters from Conakry to Léopoldville in October 1961, renewing efforts to create a common front with the FNLA, then known as the Union of Angolan Peoples (UPA) and its leader Holden Roberto. Roberto turned down the offer. [40]
In October, Holden Roberto took advantage of the situation to begin airlifting ELNA troops into Luanda from their training camps in neighbouring Zaire. [29] With each movement extending its influence over the local population, the uneasy peace soon broke down and within a month the capital had erupted into bloody street battles. [28]