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The Municipal Act of the Canadian province of Ontario [1] is the main statute governing the creation, administration and government of municipalities in Ontario, other than the City of Toronto. After being passed in 2001, it came into force on 1 January 2003, replacing the previous Municipal Act, 1990. [2] It has since been amended.
A municipality in Ontario is "a geographic area whose inhabitants are incorporated" according to the Municipal Act, 2001. [6] Ontario's three municipality types include upper and lower-tier municipalities within the two-tier structure, and single-tier municipalities (unitary authorities) that are exempt from the two-tier structure. [5]
Under the former Municipal Act, 1990, a city was both an urban and a local municipality. [5] Under that act, the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB) could change the status of a village or town, upon its request, to a city if it had a population of 15,000 or more. [5]
On December 8, 2022, the Ontario legislature passed the Better Municipal Governance Act, 2022, which expanded the "strong-mayor" powers.Particularly, it added the ability to pass a by-law with only one-third support of council if it relates to priorities defined by the provincial government.
Under the former Municipal Act, 1990, a township was a type of local municipality. [4] Under this former legislation, a locality with a population of 1,000 or more could have been incorporated as a township by Ontario's Municipal Board upon review of an application from 75 or more residents of the locality. [4]
Under the former Municipal Act, 1990, a town was both an urban and a local municipality. [5] Under this former legislation, a locality with a population of 2,000 or more could have been incorporated as a town by Ontario's Municipal Board upon review of an application from 75 or more residents of the locality. [5]
This can include municipalities, school boards, health authorities, and so on. [1] [2] The most prominent form of local government in Canada is municipal government, which is a local council authority which provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Municipal governments are local general-purpose authorities ...
Regional municipalities are found only in Southern Ontario. Although Oxford County and the District Municipality of Muskoka are not called regions, they are defined as regional municipalities under Part 1, Section 1 of the Municipal Act, 2001. [3]