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The dual-process theory of moral judgement asserts that moral decisions are the product of either one of two distinct mental processes. The automatic-emotional process is fast and unconscious, which gives way to intuitive behaviours and judgments. The factors affecting moral judgment of this type may be consciously inaccessible. [11]
In philosophy, an ethical dilemma, also called an ethical paradox or moral dilemma, is a situation in which two or more conflicting moral imperatives, none of which overrides the other, confront an agent. A closely related definition characterizes an ethical dilemma as a situation in which every
Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines, [9] with major bodies of research on the biological, [10] [11] cognitive/computational [12] [13] [14] and cultural [15] [16] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence.
In artificial moral dilemmas intuition plays an important role. A second advantage of artificial cases is that they can be subtly modified to observe the effects on moral judgments of people. There is an internet version of the test called the Moral Sense Test [1] which is aimed at a worldwide public.
In metaphilosophy and ethics, metaethics is the study of the nature, scope, ground, and meaning of moral judgment, ethical belief, or values.It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought to be and act) and applied ethics (practical questions of right behavior in given, usually contentious, situations).
Principlism is an applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas centering the application of certain ethical principles. This approach to ethical decision-making has been prevalently adopted in various professional fields, largely because it sidesteps complex debates in moral philosophy at the theoretical level.
The first of these is moral sensitivity, which is "the ability to see an ethical dilemma, including how our actions will affect others". [12] The second is moral judgment, which is "the ability to reason correctly about what 'ought' to be done in a specific situation". [ 12 ]
The Defining Issues Test is a proprietary self-report measure [4] which uses a Likert-type scale to give quantitative ratings and rankings to issues surrounding five different moral dilemmas, or stories. Specifically, respondents rate 12 issues in terms of their importance to the corresponding dilemma and then rank the four most important issues.