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The word hannya (般若) is a Japanese phonetic transcription of the Sanskrit word prajñā (प्रज्ञा), meaning 'wisdom'. [6] There are several hypotheses as to why the mask used in Noh, which represents a vengeful spirit expressing female jealousy and resentment, was named hannya. [7]
Noh masks signify the characters' gender, age, and social ranking, and by wearing masks the actors may portray youngsters, old men, female, or nonhuman (divine or demonic) characters. [ 23 ] : 13 Only the shite , the main actor, wears a mask in most plays, although the tsure may also wear a mask in some plays.
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Onryō are used as subjects in various traditional Japanese performing arts such as Noh, Kabuki, and Rakugo; for example, hannya is a Noh mask representing a female onryō. [5] The Japanese people's reverence for onryō has been passed down to the present day.
Though primarily performed for Buddhist ceremonies, it significantly influenced later Japanese mask theater, particularly Noh. Its techniques for mask-making, including the use of carved wood and painted features, established foundations for Noh mask craftsmanship. The practice of using masks to represent specific character types became a ...
The lady has now transformed into a fire-breathing demon in the glow of lightning (the noh masks used are traditionally shikami (顰) [6] but recently hannya has come into use. [7]). The warrior is undaunted, and after a pitched battle, slays the demon with the sword. [8]