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The Constitution also notes that there are two types of education in Indonesia: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education. Schools in Indonesia are run either by the government (negeri) or private sectors (swasta).
The name is made from two words originally derived from Sanskrit: "pañca" ("five") and "śīla" ("principles", "precepts"). [1] It is composed of five principles: Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa (Belief in the one and only God) [note 1] Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab (Just and civilized humanity) Persatuan Indonesia (The unity of Indonesia)
The Indonesian National Awakening (Indonesian: Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia) is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago of Indonesia first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians".
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Education studies encompasses various subfields such as pedagogy, educational research, comparative education, and the philosophy, psychology, sociology, economics, and history of education. [135] The philosophy of education is the branch of applied philosophy that examines many of the fundamental assumptions underlying the theory and practice ...
The founder of Budi Utomo was Wahidin Soedirohoesodo, a retired government doctor who felt that native intellectuals should improve public welfare through education and culture. [5] The society held its first congress on 20 May 1908, [ 6 ] a gathering of students at STOVIA , a medical school in Batavia (present-day Jakarta).
Where there was public education, separate and unequal schools would become the norm, both for children of color and for immigrants. That only began to change with Brown v. Board of Education in 1955.
Subsequent thereto, to form a government of the state of Indonesia which protect all the people of Indonesia and all the independence and the land that has been struggled for, and to improve public welfare, to educate the life of the nation and to participate toward the establishment of a world order based on freedom, perpetual peace and social ...