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Whereas primary feline urinary tract infections are rare in younger male cats, when a cat suffers an obstructive episode of FIC which has involved catheterisation and/or the symptomatic presence of crystals, then a secondary urinary tract infection becomes more likely as a follow-on complication. [35]
Not all cats with urinary tract symptoms like straining have an infection, however. ... Cats with urinary crystals that have formed into stones are also more likely to develop another infection.
Oversaturation of urine with crystals is by far the biggest factor in stone formation in dogs and cats. [3] This oversaturation can be caused by increased excretion of crystals by the kidneys, water reabsorption by the renal tubules resulting in concentration of the urine, and changes in urine pH that influence crystallization.
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a generic category term to describe any disorder affecting the bladder or urethra of cats. [1] It encompasses around 10 different diseases of the lower urinary tract, all of which can present with very similar symptoms: [2] frequent urination ; blood in urine
Urine microscopy showing calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. As many of the clinical signs and symptoms of ethylene glycol poisoning are nonspecific and occur in many poisonings; the diagnosis is often difficult. [24] It is most reliably diagnosed by the measurement of the blood ethylene glycol concentration.
Struvite urinary stones and crystals form readily in the urine of animals and humans that are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion (high magnesium/plant-based diets). They also are potentiated by a specific urinary protein in domestic cats.