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Peg laterals typically occur on both sides, [2] and have short roots. [2] Inheritance may be involved, [2] and the frequency of microdontia in the upper laterals is just under 1%. [1] The second most commonly involved tooth is the maxillary third molars, [3] and after this supernumerary teeth. [3]
Radiographically, affected teeth have short and narrow roots, and obliterated pulps due to dentine hypertrophy before or shortly after tooth eruption. [2] The severity of these features is variable, with some teeth presenting with total obliteration of the pulp, while other teeth appear to have normal, healthy dentine. [2]
A delay in tooth development may also serve as an indication, whereby the absence of an adult successor slows down the normal resorption of the roots of the baby teeth, which is the progressive loss of parts of the tooth. Misplaced (ectopic) positioning of the adult teeth may be discovered upon examination or a radiograph.
The roots may appear to be darker or radiolucent/pointy and short with apical constriction. Dentine is laid down abnormally and causes excessive growth within the pulp chamber . This will reduce the pulp space and eventually cause incomplete and total pulp chamber obliteration in permanent teeth.
As a tooth is forming, a force can move the tooth from its original position, leaving the rest of the tooth to form at an abnormal angle. Cysts or tumors adjacent to a tooth bud are forces known to cause dilaceration, as are primary (baby) teeth pushed upward by trauma into the gingiva where it moves the tooth bud of the permanent tooth. [67]
[2] [3] [4] Ankylosis occurs when partial root resorption is followed by repair with either cementum or dentine that unites the tooth root with the alveolar bone, usually after trauma. [5] However, root resorption does not necessarily lead to tooth ankylosis and the causes of tooth ankylosis remain uncertain to a large extent. [5]
The bacteria gains access to the periapical region of the tooth through deeper infection of the pulp, traveling through the roots. The resulting pulpal necrosis causes proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez which release toxins at the apex of the tooth. The body's inflammatory response will attack the source of the toxins, leading to ...
Taurodontism is defined as the enlargement of pulp chambers with the furcation area being displaced toward the apex of the root of a tooth. It cannot be diagnosed clinically and requires radiographic visualization since the crown of a taurodontic tooth appears normal and its distinguishing features are present below the alveolar margin.